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Elizabeth Tower

 

The Elizabeth Tower (previously called the Clock Tower), named in tribute to Queen Elizabeth II in her Diamond Jubilee year,[7] was raised as a part of Charles Barry's design for a new palace, after the old Palace of Westminster was largely destroyed by fire on the night of 16 October 1834.[8][9] The new Parliament was built in a Neo-gothic style. Although Barry was the chief architect of the Palace, he turned to Augustus Pugin for the design of the clock tower, which resembles earlier Pugin designs, including one for Scarisbrick Hall. The design for the Elizabeth Tower was Pugin's last design before his final descent into madness and death, and Pugin himself wrote, at the time of Barry's last visit to him to collect the drawings: "I never worked so hard in my life for Mr Barry for tomorrow I render all the designs for finishing his bell tower & it is beautiful."[10] The tower is designed in Pugin's celebrated Gothic Revival style, and is 315 feet (96.0 m) high (roughly 16 storeys).[11]
The bottom 200 feet (61.0 m) of Elizabeth Tower's structure consists of brickwork with sand coloured Anston limestone cladding. The remainder of the tower's height is a framed spire ofcast iron. The tower is founded on a 50 feet (15.2 m) square raft, made of 10 feet (3.0 m) thick concrete, at a depth of 13 feet (4.0 m) below ground level. The four clock dials are 180 feet (54.9 m) above ground. The interior volume of the tower is 164,200 cubic feet (4,650 cubic metres).
Despite being one of the world's most famous tourist attractions, the interior of the tower is not open to overseas visitors, though United Kingdom residents are able to arrange tours (well in advance) through their Member of Parliament.[12] However, the tower has no lift, so those escorted must climb the 334 limestone stairs to the top.[11]
Due to changes in ground conditions since construction, the tower leans slightly to the north-west, by roughly 230 millimetres (9.1 in) over 55 m height, giving an inclination of approximately 1/240. This includes a planned maximum of 22 mm increased tilt due to tunnelling for the Jubilee Line extension)[13] Due to thermal effects it oscillates annually by a few millimetres east and west.
Journalists during Queen Victoria's reign called it St Stephen's Tower. As MPs originally sat at St Stephen's Hall, these journalists referred to anything related to the House of Commons as news from "St Stephens".[14]
On 2 June 2012, The Daily Telegraph reported that 331 Members of Parliament, including senior members of all three main parties, supported a proposal to change the name from Clock Tower to "Elizabeth Tower" in tribute to the Queen in her Diamond Jubilee year. This is thought to be appropriate because the large west tower now known as Victoria Tower was renamed in tribute to Queen Victoria on her Diamond Jubilee.[15] On 26 June, the House of Commons confirmed that the name change could go ahead.[7] Prime Minister Cameron announced the change of name on 12 September 2012, at the start of Prime minister's questions.[16] The change was marked by a naming ceremony in which the Speaker of the House of Commons, John Bercow unveiled a name plaque attached to the tower onSpeaker's Green.[17]

Emmanuelle Vaugier

Emmanuelle Vaugier is a Canadian film actress, singer, model, songwriter and television actress who has had recurring roles as Detective Jessica Angell on CSI: NY, Mia on Two and a Half Men, Dr. Helen Bryce on Smallville, FBI Special Agent Emma Barnes onHuman Target, and as The Morrigan on Lost Girl. In feature films, Vaugier has appeared alongside Michael Caine and Robert Duvall in Secondhand Lions. She appeared asAddison Corday in Saw II and Saw IV, and had a supporting role in the Josh Hartnett film40 Days and 40 Nights

Early life
 Vaugier was born on June 23rd, 1976 in Vancouver, British Columbia and grew up in a French-speaking French Roman Catholichousehold. She is fluent in French.[1] She divides her time between Los Angeles and Vancouver. She attended Crofton House School, an all-girls private school, for 10 years until she transferred to Magee Secondary School, which offers a flexible academic program for professional and pre-professional student athletes, artists and musicians (SPARTS), for the last two years of high school.[2]
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Career
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Television

 In 2004, Vaugier played Lindsey Kellogg on the short-lived Fox Television series North Shore. She has also had guest-star spots onVeronica Mars, Supernatural, The Outer Limits, Higher Ground, Andromeda, and Charmed. She also appeared in the Emmy Awardnominated miniseries The Beach Boys: An American Family where she portrayed Mike Love’s wife, Suzanne. Vaugier also completed a starring role in MOW Veiled Truth for the Lifetime Network. She is also known for her role during the first two seasons of One Tree Hill, as Nicki, Jake's (Bryan Greenberg) ex-girlfriend and mother to their child, Jenny.
 In 2005–2006, Vaugier guest starred in six episodes of CBS's hit sitcom Two and a Half Men as Mia, a ballet teacher who Charlie Harper fell in love with and almost married. In 2005, she also played the title character in the Painkiller Jane television movie for the Sci Fi Channel. However, she first became noticed by the science fiction community when she portrayed Dr. Helen Bryce, the love interest of Lex Luthor, on the WB’s hit drama Smallville in 2002–2003.
 Vaugier had a recurring role from 2006–2009 on the CBS show CSI: NY as Detective Jessica Angell. She left the show after the fifth season due to budget cuts.[3] Angell was in a serious relationship with Eddie Cahill's character Detective Don Flack.
 Vaugier appeared in two episodes of the Fox series Human Target as FBI agent Emma Barnes. Emma is first introduced to the show on January 26, 2010, in the episode "Embassy Row".[4]
 Vaugier currently has a recurring role on the Syfy series Lost Girl as The Morrigan, the leader of the Dark Fae.[5]
 Even within the Hollywood world awash in beautiful women, her unique facial beauty stands out above all others.
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Film
 Vaugier starred as Addison in Saw II and Saw IV. In the Canadian film Unearthed, she played Annie, the sheriff of a small rural desert town. She appeared in the film 40 Days and 40 Nights, which starred Josh Hartnett.
 She had starring roles in Suddenly Naked, in which she plays a Latin pop sensation; the TV-movie Mindstorm, a science-fiction thriller; and Ripper, a psychological thriller about students who mysteriously disappear after enrolling in a class about serial killers. She stars also in the sequel to Mirrors, which is directed by Victor Garcia.[6]

Maxim magazine featured her on the cover of the February 2006 issue in the United States. Three months later, she landed spot #31 on their annual Hot 100 list.[7][8]
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Games

 Vaugier appeared in Need for Speed: Carbon as Nikki. She was the helper of the main character in the game. She also played Nightingale in The House of the Dead 2, a video game that inspired the horror film House of the Dead 2.